NEB Curriculum Chemistry
NEB New Curriculum
Updated on: Jan 20,
2024
Chemistry (Bio. 302)
Syllabus
Full
marks: 75 (Pass marks: 24)
Course Contents:
General and physical chemistry
Unit 1: Volumetric analysis
1.
Introduction to gravimetric
analysis, volumetric analysis and equivalent weight
2. Relationship between equivalent weight, atomic weight and
valency
3. Equivalent weight of compounds (acid, base, salt, oxidizing and
reducing agents)
4. Concentration of solution and its units in terms of :
Percentage, g/L , molarity, molality, normality and formality, ppm and ppb
5. Primary and secondary standard substances
6. Law of equivalence and normality equation
7. Titration and its types: Acid-base titration, redox titration (
related numerical problems)
Unit 2: Ionic equilibrium
Introduction to Acids and Bases
1.
Limitation of
Arrhenius concepts of acids and bases
2. Bronsted –Lowry definition of acids and bases
3. Conjugate acid –base pairs
4. Lewis definition of acids and bases
5. Ionization of weak electrolyte (Ostwald's dilution law)
6. Ionic product of water(Kw)
7. Dissociation constant of acid and base, (Ka& Kb)
8. Concept of pKa and pKb
9. pH value: pH of strong and weak acids, pH of strong and weak
bases
10. Solubility and solubility product principle
11. Common Ion effect
12. Application of solubility product principle and common ion
effect in precipitation reactions
13. Buffer solution and its application
14. Indicators and selection of indicators in acid base titration
15. Types of salts: Acidic salts, basic salts, simple salts, complex
salts (introduction and examples)
16. Hydrolysis of salts
1.
Salts of strong acid
and strong base
2. Salts of weak acid and strong base
3. Salts of weak base and strong acid (solving related numerical
problems)
Unit 3: Chemical kinetics
1.
Introduction
2. Rate of reactions: Average and instantaneous rate of reactions
3. Rate law and its expressions
4. Rate constant and its unit and significance
5. Order and molecularity
6. Integrated rate equation for zero and first order reaction
7. Half-life of zero and first order reactions
8. Collision theory, concept of activation energy and activated
complex
9. Factors affecting rate of reactions: Effect of concentration,
temperature (Arrhenius Equation) and effect of catalyst (energy profile
diagram)
10. Catalysis and types of catalysis: homogeneous, heterogeneous and
enzyme catalysis (solving related numerical problems based on rate, rate
constant and order of zero and first order reactions)
Unit 4: Thermodynamics
1.
Introduction
2. Energy in chemical reactions
3. Internal energy
4. First law of thermodynamics
5. Enthalpy and enthalpy changes: Endothermic and exothermic
processes
6. Laws of thermochemistry (Laplace Law and Hess’s law)
7. Entropy and spontaneity
8. Second law of thermodynamics
9. Gibbs' free energy and prediction of spontaneity
10. Relationship between ∆G and equilibrium constant (Solving
related numerical problems)
Unit 5: Electrochemistry
1.
Electrode potential
and standard electrode potential
2. Types of electrodes: Standard hydrogen electrode and calomel
electrodes
3. Electrochemical series and its applications
4. Voltaic cell: Zn-Cu cell, Ag- Cu cell
5. Cell potential and standard cell potential
6. Relationship between cell potential and free energy
7. Commercial batteries and fuel cells (hydrogen/oxygen)
Inorganic chemistry
Unit 6: Transition metals
1.
Introduction
1.
Characteristics of
transition metals
2. Oxidation states of transition metals
3. Complex ions and metal complexes
4. Shapes of complex ions
5. d-orbitals in complex ions (simple explanation by crystal field
theory) for octahedral complex
6. Reasons for the colour of transition metal compounds
7. Catalytic properties of transition metals
Unit 7: Studies of heavy metals
1.
Copper
1.
Occurrence and
extraction of copper from copper pyrite
2. Properties (with air, acids, aqueous ammonia and metal ions) and
uses of copper
3. Chemistry (preparation, properties and uses) of blue vitriol
7.1.4 Other compounds of copper (red oxide and black oxide of copper) formula
and uses only
2.
Zinc
1.
Occurrence and
extraction of zinc from zinc blende
2. Properties (with air, acid, alkali, displacement reaction) and
uses of zinc
3. Chemistry (preparation, properties and uses) of white vitriol
3.
Mercury
1.
Occurrence and
extraction of mercury from cinnabar
2. Properties of mercury
3. Chemistry (preparation, properties and uses) of calomel and
corrosive sublimate
4.
Iron
1.
Occurrence and
extraction of iron
2. Properties and uses of iron
3. Manufacture of steel by Basic Oxygen Method and Open Hearth
Process
4. Corrosion of iron and its prevention
5.
Silver
1.
Occurrence and
extraction of silver by cyanide process
2. Preparation and uses of silver chloride and silver nitrate
Organic chemistry
Unit 8: Haloalkanes
1.
Introduction
2. Nomenclature, isomerism and classification of monohaloalkanes
3. Preparation of monohaloalkanes from alkanes, alkenes and
alcohols
4. Physical properties of monohaloalkanes
5. Chemical properties, substitution reactions SN1 and SN2
reactions (basic concept only)
6. Formation of alcohol, nitrile, amine, ether, thioether,
carbylamines, nitrite and nitro alkane using haloalkanes
7. Elimination reaction (dehydrohalogenation- Saytzeff's rule),
Reduction reactions, Wurtz reaction
8. Preparation of trichloromethane from ethanol and propanone
9. Chemical properties of trichloromethane: oxidation, reduction,
action on silver powder, conc. nitric acid, propanone, and aqueous alkali
Unit 9: Haloarenes
1.
Introduction
2. Nomenclature and isomerism of haloarenes
3. Preparation of chlorobenzene from benzene and benzene diazonium
chloride
4. Physical properties
5. Chemical properties
1.
Low reactivity of
haloarenes as compared to haloalkanes in term of nucleophilic substitution
reaction
2. Reduction of chlorobenzene
3. Electrophilic substitution reactions
4. Action with Na (Fittig and Wurtz- Fittig reaction)
5. Action with chloral
6. Uses of haloarenes
Unit 10: Alcohols
1.
Introduction
2. Nomenclature, isomerism and classification of monohydric alcohol
3. Distinction of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols by
Victor Meyer's Method
4. Preparation of monohydric alcohols from Haloalkane, primary
amines, and esters
5. Industrial preparation alcohol from: oxo process,
hydroboration-oxidation of ethene & fermentation of sugar
6. Definition of common terms: Absolute alcohol, power alcohol,
denatured alcohol (methylated spirit), rectified spirit; alcoholic beverage
7. Physical properties monohydric alcohols
8. Chemical properties of monohydric alcohols
1.
Reaction with HX, PX3,
PCl5, SOCl2
2. Action with reactive metals like Na, K, Li
3. Dehydration of alcohols
4. Oxidation of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol with mild
oxidizing agents like acidified KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7
5. Catalyic dehydrogenation of 1° and 2°alcohol and dehydration of
3°alcohol
6. Esterification reaction
7. Test of ethanol
Unit 11: Phenols
1.
Introduction and
nomenclature
2. Preparation of phenol from i. chlorobenzene ii. Diazonium salt
and iii. benzene sulphonic acid
3. Physical properties of phenol
4. Chemical properties
1.
Acidic nature of
phenol (comparison with alcohol and water)
2. Action with NH3, Zn, Na, benzene diazonium chloride and phthalic
anhydride
3. Acylation reaction, Kolbe's reaction, Reimer-Tiemann's reaction
4. Electrophilic substitution: nitration, sulphonation, brominaiton
and Friedal-Craft's alkylation
5. Test of phenol: (FeCl3 test, aq. Bromine test & Libermann
test)
6. Uses of phenol
Unit 12: Ethers
1.
Introduction
2. Nomenclature, classification and isomerism of ethers
3. Preparation of aliphatic and aromatic ethers from Williamson's
synthesis
4. Physical properties of ether
5. Chemical properties of ethoxyethane: action with HI , Conc. HCl,
Conc. H2SO4, air and Cl2
6. Uses of ethers
Unit 13: Aldehydes and
ketones
1.
Aliphatic aldehydes
and ketones
1.
Introduction,
nomenclature and isomerism
2. Preparation of aldehydes and ketones from: Dehydrogenation and
oxidation of alcohol, Ozonolysis of alkenes, Acid chloride, Gem dihaloalkane,
Catalytic hydration of alkynes
3. Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones
4. Chemical properties
1.
Structure and nature
of carbonyl group
2. Distinction between aldehyde and ketones by using 2,4- DNP
reagent, Tollen's reagent, Fehling's solution 13.1.4.3 Addition reaction:
addition of H2, HCN and NaHSO3
3. Action of aldehyde and ketone with ammonia derivatives; NH2OH,
NH2-NH2, phenyl hydrazine, semicarbazide,
4. Aldol condensation
5. Cannizzaro's reaction
6. Clemmensen's reduction
7. Wolf-Kishner reduction
8. Action with PCl5 and action with LiAlH4
9. Action of methanal with ammonia and phenol
5. Formalin and its uses
2. Aromatic aldehydes and Ketones
1.
Preparation of
benzaldehyde from toluene and acetophenone from benzene
2. Properties of benzaldehyde
3. Perkin condensation
4. Benzoin condensation
5. Cannizzaro's reaction
6. Electrophilic substitution reaction
3. Polaroid
Unit 14: Carboxylic Acid and its Derivatives
1.
Aliphatic and aromatic
carboxylic acids
1.
Introduction,
nomenclature and isomerism
2. Preparation of monocarboxylic acids from: aldehydes, nitriles,
dicarboxylic acid, sodium alkoxide and trihaloalkanes
3. Preparation of benzoic acid from alkyl benzene
4. Physical properties of monocarboxylic acids
5. Chemical properties: Action with alkalies, metal oxides, metal
carbonates, metal bicarbonates, PCl3, LiAlH4 and dehydration of carboxylic acid
6. Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
7. Electrophilic substitution reaction of benzoic acid -
bromination, nitration and sulphonation
8. Effect of constituents on the acidic strength of carboxylic acid
9. Abnormal behaviour of methanoic acid
2. Derivatives of Carboxylic acids (acid halides, amides, esters
and anhydrides)
1.
Preparation of acid
derivatives from carboxylic acid
2. Comparative physical properties of acid derivatives
3. Comparative chemical properties of acid derivatives (hydrolysis,
ammonolysis, amines (RNH2), alcoholysis, and reduction only)
4. Claisen condensation
5. Hofmann bromamide reaction
6. Amphoteric nature of amide
7. Relative reactivity of acid derivatives
Unit 15: Nitro compounds
1.
Nitroalkanes
1.
Introduction,
nomenclature and isomerism
2. Preparation from haloalkane and alkane
3. Physical properties
4. Chemical properties: Reduction
2. Nitrobenzene
1.
Preparation from
benzene
2. Physical properties
3. Chemical properties
4. Reduction in different media
5. Electrophilic substitution reactions (nitration, sulphonation
& bromination)
6. Uses of nitro-compounds
Unit 16: Amines
1.
Aliphatic amines
1.
Introduction,
nomenclature, classification and isomerism
2. Separation of primary, secondary and tertiary amines by
Hoffmann's method
3. Preparation of primary amines from haloalkane, nitriles,
nitroalkanes and amides
4. Physical properties
5. Chemical properties: basicity of amines, comparative study of
basic nature of 10, 20 and 30 amines 16.1.6 Reaction of primary amines with
chloroform, conc. HCl, R-X, RCOX and nitrous acid (NaNO2 / HCl)
6. Test of 10, 20 and 30 amines (nitrous acid test)
2. Aromatic amine (Aniline)
1.
Preparation of aniline
from nitrobenzene, phenol
2. Physical properties
3. Chemical properties: basicity of aniline, comparison of basic
nature of aniline with aliphatic amines and ammonia, alkylation, acylation,
diazotization, carbylamine and coupling reaction, electrophilic substitution:
Nitration sulphonation and bromination
4. Uses of aniline
Unit 17: Organometallic Compounds
1.
Introduction, general
formula and examples of organolithium, organocopper and organocadmium compounds
2. Nature of Metal-Carbon bond
3. Grignard reagent
1.
Preparation (using
haloalkane and haloarene)
2. Reaction of Grignard reagent with water, aldehydes and ketones (
preparation of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols), carbon dioxide, HCN,
RCN, ester and acid chloride
Applied Chemistry
Unit 18: Chemistry in the Service of Mankind
1.
Polymers
1.
Addition and
condensation polymers
2. Elastomers and fibres
3. Natural and synthetic polymers
4. Some synthetic polymers (polythene, PVC, Teflon, polystyrene,
nylon and bakelite)
2. Dyes
1.
Introduction
2. Types of dyes on the basis of structure and method of
application
3. Drugs
1.
Characteristics of
drugs
2. Natural and synthetic drugs
3. Classification of some common drugs
4. Habit forming drugs and drug addiction
4. Pesticides
1.
Introduction to
insecticides, herbicides and fungicides
Unit 19: Cement
1.
Introduction
2. Raw materials for cement production
3. Main steps in cement production (crushing and grinding, strong
heating and final grinding)
4. Types of cement- OPC and PPC
5. Portland cement process with flow-sheet diagram
6. Cement Industry in Nepal
Unit 20: Paper and Pulp
1.
Introduction
2.
Raw materials
3.
Sources of raw
materials
4.
Stages in production
of paper
5.
Flow-sheet diagram for
paper production
6.
Quality of paper
Unit 21: Nuclear Chemistry and Application of Radioactivity
1.
Natural and artificial
radioactivity
2. Units of radioactivity
3. Nuclear reactions
4. Nuclear fission and fusion reactions
5. Nuclear power and nuclear weapons
6. Industrial uses of radioactivity
7. Medical uses of radioactivity
8. Radiocarbon dating
9. Harmful effects of nuclear radiations
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